What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
What will be an ideal response?
In classical conditioning, individuals associate two stimuli together in time. Operant conditioning involves associating a behavior with a consequence in the environment (with favorable consequences making it more likely the behavior will be repeated and unfavorable consequences making it less likely the behavior will be repeated).
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Describe the ways Arabs and Muslims view mental health differently than those in the United States.
What will be an ideal response?
As advocates, counselors are aware that
a. clients' mental health is affected by their experiences of discrimination and marginalization b. race transcends other cultural dimensions such as class and gender c. a working-class bias is prevalent in counselor training d. because most master's level counselors are female, they are able to counsel other females more effectively than are male counselors e. gay and lesbian clients are less likely to seek counseling than are heterosexual clients
The main methods for treating self-harm, according to Lawson, include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Cognitive behavioral therapy b) Systems or family therapy c) Psychoanalytic/relational therapy d) Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy e) None of the above
For solution-focused therapists, problems and their solutions are:
a. always under a client's control. b. embedded in the interactive dialogue or process. c. the result of deliberate client choices. d. the flip sides of each other.