Which specimen culture, if positive, should be immediately reported to the clinician?
a. Urine
b. Blood
c. Throat
d. Stool
B
A positive blood culture is considered a critical value because of the possibility of bacterial sepsis. Critical values are always immediately reported to the clinician; appropriate antimicrobial treatment should be administered right away.
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Why have scientists been unable to grow the majority of bacteria and archaea in pure culture in a laboratory setting?
A. Most microorganisms reside in extreme environments that are toxic to human life, so samples cannot be collected for cultivation of the microbial inhabitants in the laboratory. B. Many species have metabolic requirements that are difficult to fulfill in the laboratory. C. DNA sequencing technology was not sufficiently advanced to give scientists the ability to identify prokaryotic species in nature, a requisite for growing microbes in the laboratory. D. Cells with unusual morphological characteristics cannot be grown in the laboratory.
Inflammation ____
a. is triggered by activated complement b. is a specific immune response c. results in redness due to decreased blood flow d. results in swelling due to the loss of water from damaged tissue e. is caused by fever
The hereditary particles that are passed from one generation are called alleles in modern terminology
This term had not been invented in Mendel's time; instead, he determined that two "________" (alleles) were present for each trait in a plant and together determined the phenotype of the trait. Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
In the late 1920s, a mutation occurred in many silver fox farms around the world. The fox farms that sold expensive furs were proud of the quality of their furs, and each advertised that it had the best, purest breed of all the fox farms. The new mutations produced a "platinum" coat pattern that was commercially desirable, so the farms crossed them to get more. The results of their breeding experiments were as follows: (1) silver ´ silver >>> all silver offspring; (2) silver ´ platinum >>> equal numbers of silver and platinum; (3) platinum ´ platinum >>> two platinum for each silver offspring. Which of the following inheritance patterns explain the breeding results?
A. Incomplete dominance of the silver trait B. Codominance of the silver and platinum alleles C. Multiple alleles exist that cancel out some traits D. Heterozygotes express the recessive platinum trait E. Homozygous alleles cause lethal effects