Why do many pediatricians advise continued use of breast milk or infant formula and not cow's milk throughout the first year of life?
Pediatricians advise that cow's milk is not appropriate for infants younger than one year old. In some infants, particularly those younger than 6 months of age, cow's milk causes intestinal bleeding, which can lead to iron deficiency. Cow's milk is also a poor source of iron, and its higher calcium and lower vitamin C contents inhibit iron absorption. Consequently, plain cow's milk threatens the infant's iron status in three ways: it causes iron loss, it fails to replace iron, and it reduces the bioavailability of iron from infant cereal and other foods. In short, cow's milk is a poor choice during the first year of life; infants need breast milk or iron-fortified formula. Once the baby is obtaining at least two-thirds of total daily food energy from a balanced mixture of cereals, vegetables, fruits, and other foods (after 12 months of age), reduced-fat or low-fat cow's milk (in the context of an overall diet that supplies 30 percent of calories from fat) is an acceptable and recommended beverage. After the age of 2, a transition to fat-free milk can take place.
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Fill in the blank with correct word
There is energy in substances such as carbohydrates and fat. The energy in these molecules is actually due to:
a. the energy released when carbon atoms are completely burned up. b. the energy released when bonds holding the atoms together are broken and reformed. c. the energy released when protons and neutrons are fused. d. the energy released when protons and neutrons are split.
Which of the following is a CORRECT statement regarding the regulation of water balance?
a. A change in solute concentrations in blood is sensed by the pituitary. b. Antidiuretic hormone is released by the hypothalamus. c. Antidiuretic hormone stimulates the sensation of thirst. d. Antidiuretic hormone causes the kidneys to excrete less water.
A child with marasmus differs from a child with kwashiorkor in that a marasmic child ____.:
a. has a skin rash b. experiences edema c. may suffer brain impairment d. develops a fatty liver e. develops lung problems