What process allows evolution to "experiment" with genes to create novel functions? How is this manifested in extant genes (presently existing) and their relationships to each other?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Duplication of genes through duplication of the entire genome or just parts of the genome allows the second gene to evolve and diversify into a different functional protein while still maintaining the original protein's function. Gene duplication creates paralogs, which can further diverge through random mutations into several orthologs. Genes with shared evolutionary ancestry are called homologs (both paralogs and orthologs are homologs). Contemporary genes thus display relationships such as gene families, which are groups of homologous genes that may have different functions but share evolutionary ancestry.
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Which of the following is nota cellular response to amino acid starvation in E. coli?
A. Levels of guanine tetraphosphate rise. B. Levels of cAMP decrease. C. The transcription of genes needed for rapid growth decreases. D. rRNA synthesis is decreased.
What RNAs do each eukaryotic RNA polymerase produce?
A. RNA pol I - mRNARNA pol II - tRNA and 5s rRNARNA pol III - rRNA B. RNA pol I - rRNARNA pol II - tRNA and 5s rRNARNA pol III - mRNA C. RNA pol I - mRNA RNA pol II - rRNA RNA pol III - tRNA and 5s rRNA D. RNA pol I - tRNA and 5s rRNA RNA pol II - mRNA RNA pol III - rRNA
Figure 23.12
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The structures labeled "5" in the figure are ____.
A. zygospores B. haploid spores C. ascospores D. gametes E. zygotes
If a bacterial cell is placed in a _______ solution, it loses water by a process referred to as _________
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).