A client with heart failure asks, "Why am I taking a 'water pill' when it's my heart that is having a problem?" While educating the client about the Frank-Starling mechanism, which of the following explanations is most appropriate to share?
A) "You must be drinking way too many liquids. Your kidneys cannot filter all that you are drinking during the day."
B) "Since your heart is not pumping efficiently, the kidneys are getting less blood flow; therefore, the kidneys are holding on to sodium and water."
C) "Your heart muscle is overstretched, so it's not able to pump all the blood out. The prescribed 'water pills' help by decreasing your weight."
D) "Since your heart function is impaired, the lungs are not able to oxygenate the blood and your kidneys are wearing out."
Ans: B
Feedback:
In heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, a decrease in cardiac output and renal blood flow leads to increased sodium and water retention by the kidney with a resultant increase in vascular volume and venous return to the heart and an increase in ventricular end-diastolic volume. Drinking water may increase volume but is not the physiological reason for retention of fluid. Diuretics do decrease weight as a result of diuresis, but weight loss is not the purpose for giving diuretics. The lungs are not the primary cause of heart failure.
You might also like to view...
Condylomata lata, warty growths on the skin around the genitalia and on other sites, are typical of which stage or form of syphilis?
A. primary syphilis B. secondary syphilis C. tertiary syphilis D. latent syphilis E. congenital syphilis
The term defecate means to:
A) urinate. B) vomit. C) pass stool. D) fall down.
Which term describes a pathological condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid??
A) autism B) hydrocephalus C) microcephalus
List and discuss principles of following a nutritionally balanced diet