Explain how collecting and interpreting one's dreams can promote selfÂawareness, and describe the procedure outlined in your textbook for "catching a dream."
What will be an ideal response?
Answer will include that dreams can be thought of as a message from yourself to yourself. Thus, the way to understand dreams is to remember them, write them down, look for the messages they contain, and become deeply acquainted with your own symbol system. At one time or another, almost everyone has had a dream that seemed to have deep meaning. Exploring everyday dream life can be a source of personal enrichment and personal growth. The points to remember when trying to "catch a dream" include: (1) Before going to sleep, plan to remember your dreams. Keep a pen and paper or a digital recorder beside your bed. (2) If possible, arrange to awaken gradually without an alarm. Natural awakening almost always follows soon after a REM period. (3) If you rarely remember your dreams, you may want to set an alarm clock to go off an hour before you usually awaken. Although less desirable than awakening naturally, this may let you catch a dream. (4) Upon awakening, lie still and review the dream images with your eyes closed. Try to recall as many details as possible. (5) If you can, make your first dream record (whether by writing or by recording) with your eyes closed. Opening your eyes will disrupt dream recall. (6) Review the dream again and record as many additional details as you can remember. Dream memories disappear quickly. Be sure to describe feelings as well as the plot, characters, and actions of the dream. (7) Put your dreams into a permanent dream diary. Keep dreams in chronological order and review them periodically. This procedure will reveal recurrent themes, conflicts, and emotions. It almost always produces valuable insights. (8) Remember, a number of drugs, including alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, cocaine, opiates, and valium, suppress dreaming by interfering with REM sleep.
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Laboratory research indicates that feelings of lack of __________ contribute to the onset of panic attacks among patients with panic disorder
Answer:
Which of the following results of generalization testing following discrimination learning in Exercises 40, 42, and 44 demonstrated behavioral contrast?
a. The fact that both the tone-on S+ (Exercise 40) and tone-on S- (Exercise 42) generalization gradients were centered at 2.0 KHz (the stimulus used in training) b. The fact that the tone-on S+ generalization gradient (Exercise 40) had its maximum at 2.0 kHz and the tone-on S- gradient (Exercise 42) had its minimum at the same point on the x-axis c. The fact that the maximum of the S+/S- generalization gradient (Exercise 44) was higher than that of the tone-on S+ gradient (Exercise 40) d. The fact that the maximum of the S+/S- generalization gradient (Exercise 44) was displaced to the left of the tone-on S+ gradient (Exercise 40), that is, toward the lower frequencies
Which of the following involves the process of extracting perceptual features from stimulus patterns?
a. sensory analysis. b. sensory adaptation. c. perceptual gating. d. perceptual localization.
Intracranial self-stimulation is a very powerful reinforcer because it activates the same pleasure pathways in the brain that are activated by natural primary reinforcers. These pleasure pathways are located in which part of the brain?
a. pineal gland b. frontal lobes c. reticular formation d. limbic system