According to Williams (2007), police officers ability to detect lying may be negatively impacted by:

a. false confession;
b. stereotyping;
c. episodic memory;
d. coercion.


b. stereotyping;

Criminal Justice

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When data is collected in such a way that the people being studied are unaware that they are part of a study it is called _____________

a. direct observation b. systematic observation c. "snooping" d. nonreactive data e. indirect observation

Criminal Justice

Typically, police chiefs in cities where gangs have recently arrived are quick to recognize the threat gangs pose to the community

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

That which produces an event, without which the event could not have occurred, is called:

a. proximate cause. b. motive. c. corpus delicti. d. alibi.

Criminal Justice

The investigating officer needs to maintain records so that he/she can locate each piece of evidence in the case when needed

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice