Describe the different types of chemotherapy agents
Chemotherapy agents can be grouped into four broad categories: 1) those that target DNA during replication; 2) small molecules or "biologicals" (such as antibodies or cytokines) designed and developed to interact with a molecular target that leads to uncontrolled proliferation in the tumor cells; 3) hormonal therapies for aberrant cellular behavior, such as that in breast cancer; and 4) macromolecules that have a more specific target, such as cytokines or antibodies, that regulate growth of tumor cells or induce a host immune response to kill tumor cells. Combination chemotherapy, the co-administration of several drugs, may be used to achieve an additive effect.
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What mechanism of nutrient transport across the placenta utilizes energy (from ATP) and cell membrane receptors?
a. passive diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. pinocytosis e. endocytosis
In order to comply with recommendations of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans regarding vegetable intake, Americans should eat more _____
a. spinach b. summer squash c. corn d. potatoes e. mushrooms
Many of the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency, such as blindness and an increase in respiratory infections, are related to the role of vitamin A in _____
a. blood clotting b. synthesis of visual pigment c. maintenance of epithelial cells d. synthesis of some hormones e. synthesis of nephrons
? Case Study Multiple Choice Ms. Smith, an 85-year-old female, is admitted to a hospital with a hip fracture and dehydration. She is awaiting surgery. Her family reports that she lives alone and has been showing signs of dementia since last month. The doctor suggests she consult a nutritionist because the nurse reports that she is not eating well. Height: 5'5"Weight: 110 lbs Usual body weight: 125 lbs (6 months ago) Albumin: 2.8 g/dL Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Prealbumin: 14 mg/dL Total lymphocyte count: 2500 ? Depending on Ms. Smith's physical limitations, the dietitian may need to measure and calculate her height using:
A. a stadiometer B. a knee-height caliper C. a tape measure D. a length board E. a weight-to-height scale