In the "Traditional Police Service Model" of policing, most decisions are made:
A. at the management and mid-management level with little citizen involvement.
B. at the management and mid-management level with significant citizen involvement
C. at the management and mid-management level with significant lower level employee involvement.
D. None of the above.
Answer: A. at the management and mid-management level with little citizen involvement.
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Gender (being male) is the single best predictor of criminal behavior. 2. Alienation is a central concept of critical criminology. 3. Matriarchal families are said to be balanced, and parents socialize male and female children similarly. 4. Labeling theory concerns itself with the application of deviant labels on the powerless and the consequences that follow, while the process of how particular labels come to be stigmatized is of central importance to conflict theorists. 5. Legal realist criminologists aver that an overemphasis on punishing criminals escalates violence and advocates for restorative justice in place of imprisoning offenders.
Which of the following is an example of a turning point?
a. marriage b. military service c. residential change d. all of these are examples of turning points
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Federal regulations established in 1991 that are based on the principles of the Belmont Report. 2. The Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS) and the American Society of Criminology (ASC), like most professional social science organizations, have adopted ethical guidelines for practicing criminologists. 3. Research relying on children and prisoners usually require a full review by an institutional review board (IRB). 4. A few IRBs have allowed both Milgram’s obedience experiment and Zimbardo’s prison experiment to be replicated. 5. In the updated replication of Milgram’s obedience experiment, participants were told at two times that they could withdraw from the study at any time.
Which of the following records arrests?
a. The National Crime Victims Survey b. Uniform Crime Report c. The Police-Public Contact Survey d. The Census