A variety of alternative sentences exist, in part, to relieve prison and jail overcrowding. Identify and discuss four of these intermediate sanctions
What will be an ideal response?
Fines are monetary payments imposed on an offender as an intermediate punishment for criminal acts; commonly used in misdemeanors. Forfeiture involves the seizure of goods and instrument related to the commission or outcome of a criminal act; its use was introduced in American law with the passage of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). Restitution requires convicted defendants to either repay the victims of crime (monetary restitution) or serve the community to compensate for their criminal acts (community service restitution); It is used in lieu of jail or prison and as a diversionary device; it is inexpensive, avoids stigma, and helps compensate crime victims. Split sentencing includes both prison and/or jail as a condition of probation; shock probation involves resentencing an offender after a short prison stay. Intensive probation supervision (IPS) involves small caseloads of fifteen to forty clients who are kept under close watch by probation officers; goals are diversion, control, and reintegration. Home confinement/house arrest requires convicted offenders to spend extended periods in their own homes as an alternative to incarceration; used in combination with electronic monitoring devices to manage offender obedience to home confinement orders. Residential community corrections programs feature freestanding nonsecure buildings that are not part of a prison or jail and that house pretrial and adjudicated adults; residents regularly depart to go to work, to attend school, and/or to participate in community corrections activities and programs. Boot camps/shock incarceration typically include youthful, first-time offenders and feature military discipline and physical training; short periods (90 to 180 days) of high-intensity exercise and work will shock young criminals into going straight.
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Was the civil forfeiture invalid because the state introduced evidence about illegally seized cash?
Tamika Smith, driving a rental car, was stopped driving west on I-94 between Detroit and Chicago for speeding. Her two small children and Todd Fletcher were passengers. Drivers' licenses were checked; Smith's had been suspended; Fletcher's was valid, but he was a person of "officer safety caution" based on previous arrests for cocaine possession and weapons offenses. The trooper searched the trunk of the rental car without consent and discovered $180,975 in cash in a backpack. Smith was cited for speeding and driving on a suspended license but with no crimes. Neither she nor Fletcher could provide a good explanation for possession such a large sum of cash. State law requires the forfeiture of money when the state can prove on a preponderance of evidence that the money was intended to buy drugs. In a civil forfeiture proceeding by the state, the prosecutor admitted the search and seizure of the cash violated the Fourth Amendment. The cash itself was not introduced in evidence but the prosecutor presented evidence to show that Smith was a drug courier and that the $180,975 seized by the trooper had been intended for the purchase of illegal drugs. What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following is the most significant barrier in providing effective services for girls?
A. Difficulty accessing services B. Lack of funding C. Resistance to programming D. Whether the programming reflects culturally relevant issues.
Civil law governs relations between private parties, but not between individuals and organizations
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Explain "endemic terrorism" to describe the state of terrorist violence in Africa
What will be an ideal response?