The foul-smelling putrescine byproduct suggests activity of
A) amino acid fermentation by clostridia.
B) secondary fermentation.
C) sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.
D) syntrophic carbohydrate metabolism.
Answer: A
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Vascular endothelial growth factor (Abbreviated as VEGF and pronounced "Veg-F") is a peptide-signaling molecule related to platelet-derived growth factor
VEGF is important in the formation of the circulatory system because its signaling pathway causes the formation of new blood vessels in developing embryos during normal development. It also causes the formation of new blood vessels that supply tumors when the tumor produces and secretes VEGF. Given what you know about the different kinds of cell signaling and about VEGF, which of the following is true? What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following is the correct order of the three lines of defense against pathogens?
a. barriers that exclude pathogens ? adaptive immunity ? innate immunity b. barriers that exclude pathogens ? innate immunity ? adaptive immunity c. innate immunity ? adaptive immunity ? barriers that exclude pathogens d. adaptive immunity ? barriers that exclude pathogens ? innate immunity e. adaptive immunity ? innate immunity ? barriers that exclude pathogens
Color is an inherited trait in beetles. If brown beetles move into a population from a nearby island, which of the following statements is correct?
A. Gene flow causes the frequency of the green allele to increase. B. Gene flow causes the frequency of the brown allele to increase. C. Natural selection causes the frequency of the green allele to increase. D. Natural selection causes the frequency of the brown allele to increase. E. This is an example of genetic drift.
The primary consumers in natural communities are
a. herbivores. b. carnivores. c. scavengers. d. decomposers. e. all of these.