Many people start tensing up during a horror movie whenever they hear a familiar tune because this tune is always associated with a character being in danger. This situation illustrates
a. how shaping occurs.
b. the development of a conditioned emotional response.
c. the use of negative reinforcers.
d. how desensitization occurs.
ANSWER: b
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Which of the following people is engaging in upward social comparison?
a. Jermaine, who checks the distribution of scores on his final examination b. Toni, who reads William Faulkner to assess her own writing skills c. Chet, who checks his stopwatch and vows to run faster next time d. Daniel, who feels better when he realizes that rich people pay a lot more in taxes than he does
Humanists generally assume that people have free will, and this assumption is generally agreed upon by most psychologists
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which statement describes the neural substrates of reinforcement?
A. Aversive stimuli do not increase dopamine levels within the accumbens. B. Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a necessary condition for reinforcement. C. Damage to brain dopamine systems enhances the reinforcing properties of addictive drugs. D. Release of dopamine within the accumbens is a sufficient condition for reinforcement.
The most effective approach to conflict management is
A) ?collaborating. B) ?competing. C) ?compromising. D) ?accommodating.