When Donovan was four years old, he was startled and began to cry when a car backfired just as he was walking past a fire hydrant. As an adult, Donovan is still fearful of fire hydrants and avoids walking near them. Based on principles of classical conditioning, Donovan's current fear of fire hydrants is
a. an unconditioned response.
b. a result of observational learning.
c. a conditioned response.
d. a result of counterconditioning.
C
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