A 9-year-old is proudly telling the nurse about mastering the yellow belt in a martial arts class. Which developmental stage is the child exhibiting?
a. Initiative versus guilt
b. Industry versus inferiority
c. Identity versus role confusion
d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
ANS: B
Industry versus inferiority occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 years. It is during this developmental task that a person gains self-esteem through new skill mastery. Initiative versus guilt is for 3 to 6 years, focusing on increasing language skills with identification of feelings. Identity versus role confusion is 12 to 20 years, focusing on finding a sense of self. Autonomy versus shame and doubt is 1 to 3 years, focusing on becoming more independent.
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