Describe how the middle school concept evolved. According to the comprehensive study reported in your text, what are six specific problems with the middle school structure? List eight characteristics of an effective middle school culture

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

ANS: The original school model was eight years of elementary school and four years of secondary school. The NEA suggested that secondary school should begin at seventh grade, because this was the beginning of adolescence. Two decades later the junior high school was born, with an emphasis on preparation for the academic rigor of high school. However, due to political and social factors, during the 1960s and 1970s there was a search for alternative models. The middle school evolved at this point, with a variety of configurations that are still used today. Research suggests that students in grades 7 and 8 fare better when taught under a K-8 model. Six problems: 1) physical conflict is especially problematic; 2) social norms foster antisocial behavior; 3) academic progress is uneven and lackluster; 4) adequate state and federal support is not available to meet NCLB standards; 5) schools do not foster parent involvement; and 6) many teachers do not have certification in the subject areas they teach or specific training in the development of young adolescents. Eight characteristics of an effective middle school culture include: 1) educators who value working with young teens; 2) courageous, collaborative leadership; 3) shared vision; 4) inviting, supportive, safe environment; 5) high expectations; 6) active learning by all; 7) adult advocates for each student; and 8) family and community partnerships.