Describe the etiology of osteoporosis
Risk of osteoporosis (primary or secondary) and related fractures is influenced by a number of factors. Risk factors having a particularly strong bearing on the development of peak bone mineral density from childhood through early adulthood include genetic susceptibility and family history, female sex, Caucasian race, premenopausal amenorrhea, physical inactivity, and low lifetime calcium and vitamin D intakes. Low lifetime intakes of fluoride, magnesium, and zinc may also have a bearing. Genetics is a particularly important determinant of peak bone mass and of subsequent fracture risk. Factors that decrease bone remineralization and/or increase demineralization once peak BMD has been achieved include female sex, premenopausal amenorrhea, menopause before age 45 years, age, glucocorticoid therapy, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and low intakes of calcium and vitamin D. Low intakes of fluoride, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin K may also influence bone demineralization.
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Both anemia and lead poisoning are associated with impaired _______________ function and neurological damage in children
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Discuss three cost containment efforts
Repeated measurements of weight, height, and _____ over a several-month period are needed to accurately assess adequacy of growth and development.
A. body composition B. waist circumference C. BMI D. muscular strength E. flexibility
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Prebiotics are strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria that have beneficial effects on the body. B. Cottage cheese, kefir, buttermilk, and miso are sources of prebiotics. C. Intake of probiotics causes diarrhea and other infections in the gastrointestinal tract. D. The breakdown products of prebiotics foster the growth of beneficial bacteria. E. Probiotics are fiberlike forms of indigestible carbohydrates.