Explain why the citric acid cycle is called a cycle
What will be an ideal response?
By the end of the citric acid cycle, we have regenerated oxaloacetate, the compound with which we started in step one. This is why this process is called a cycle—it begins and ends with the same molecule, oxaloacetate.
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Organic acids, or metabolic acids, are generated during the normal process of
A) metabolism. B) metabolic generation of water. C) exhalation. D) reabsorption. E) active secretion.
If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation) which of the following is not likely to occur?
A) Urine output will decrease.
B) Net filtration pressure will decrease.
C) Systemic blood pressure will decrease.
D) Glomerular filtration rate will decrease.
How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?
A. Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. B. Immune cells decrease in number after puberty and reduce bone repair. C. Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. D. Calcium ions released from the bones are necessary for gamete production. E. Lack of sex hormone production reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption.
An expanded knob at the base of the hair root is the ________.
A. shaft B. hair bulb C. cuticle D. root E. medulla