Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune system?
A. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for antigens
B. Self-nonself discrimination
C. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated and soluble receptors
D. Protection against viral infections
E. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on repeated exposure to the same microbe
ANS: A. Highly diverse repertoires of specificities for antigens are found only in T and B lymphocytes, which are the central cellular components of the adaptive immune system. Both the innate and the adaptive immune systems use cell-associated and soluble receptors to recognize microbes, display some degree of self-nonself discrimination, and protect against viruses. On repeated exposure to the same microbe, the adaptive immune response becomes more rapid and of greater magnitude; this is the manifestation of memory.
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