Which factor(s) is/are most likely a potential cause(s) of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
a. Environmental factors and genetic pre-disposition
b. Allergic response to antiviral medications
c. Hypersensitivity reaction attacking the myelin
d. Bacterial infection of the myelin
A
The cause of MS is not known, but it is attributed to an environmental factor (bacteria, virus, or chemical) combining with a genetic predisposition for the disease. Current thought also includes the hypothesis that MS is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy cen-tral nervous system tissues.
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While at recess, a child falls and hurts his arm. The school nurse is called and suspects a fractured arm. The nurse will apply a splint before transporting the child to the hospital. The nurse will ensure that:
1. The splint is applied firmly enough to prevent swelling. 2. The arm is fully extended in the splint. 3. The splint is fully padded to prevent skin damage. 4. The joints above and below the suspected fracture are immobilized.
The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about exercise. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
a. "I won't exercise if I find ketones in my urine." b. "If my blood glucose is over 200, I should not exercise." c. "Exercise will help me keep my blood glucose down." d. "My risks for heart disease can be mod-ified with exercise."
A client tells the nurse, "To pay back my neighbor for wrongs he has done me, I consider it my goal to burn down my neighbor's house with him in it.". The nurse is confronted with:
A) Confidentiality. B) Duty to warn. C) Accuracy in reporting. D) Involuntary commitment.
The nurse is asked by a patient with diabetes actions to take to preserve vision. What is the best response by the nurse?
A. "Blindness from diabetes is due to the small blood vessels in the eye becoming hardened and clogged and not being able to transport oxygen and nutrients to the retina." B. "The risk of developing blindness is related to how long you've had diabetes, and how well your blood sugar and hypertension are controlled." C. "Laser photocoagulation surgery will treat any problems that develop and stop the progression of diabetic retinopathy." D. "This is only a problem with type 2 diabetes, so you won't have this problem."