Provide two historical examples that indicate the fetal growth trajectory may be established early in pregnancy
During the Dutch winter famine of 1943-1944, average birthweight declined by 372 grams (13 oz) and delivery of low-birthweight infants increased by 50 percent. Similarly, the siege of Sarajevo, which decreased food availability during 1993–1994, led to reduced caloric and nutrient intakes during pregnancy and reduced maternal weight gain and newborn weights. In both situations, birthweight did not fully catch up in infants born to women exposed to famine early in pregnancy, even if they received enough food later in pregnancy. These results support the notion that the fetal growth trajectory may be established early in pregnancy and that early nutritional deprivations limit fetal growth regardless of food intake later in pregnancy.
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The body utilizes protein as its primary energy source
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
If a client has had surgery of the head, neck, or throat and can only swallow a limited amount of food, his or her oral diet should include:
a. clear liquids only. b. full liquids only. c. energy- and protein-dense soft foods. d. low-residue foods.
All of the following are typical ingredients in an oral rehydration therapy formula except
a. protein b. water c. sugar d. salt
Which food item is least likely to be considered a common pediatric food allergen?
A. cow's milk B. eggs C. peanuts D. soybeans E. oats