A group of students are reviewing information about fluid balance and losses in children in comparison to adults. The students demonstrate a need for additional review when they state that:
A) children have a proportionately greater amount of body water than do adults.
B) fever plays a greater role in insensible fluid losses in infants and children.
C) a higher metabolic rate plays a major role in increased insensible fluid losses.
D) the infant's immature kidneys have a tendency to overconcentrate urine.
Ans: D
The young infant's renal immaturity does not allow the kidneys to concentrate urine as well as in older children and adults, placing them at risk for dehydration or overhydration. Children do have a proportionately greater amount of body water than adults, and fever is important in promoting insensible fluid losses in infants and children because children become febrile more readily and their fevers are higher than those in adults. Children also experience a higher metabolic rate, which accounts for increased insensible fluid losses and increased need for water for excretory function.
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