Guilty knowledge refers to:

a. when an researcher is aware that a respondent engaged in a wrongful behavior.
b. when a researcher alters his findings to make them more interesting.
c. when an IRB knows that a researcher engaged in ethical violation but does not sanction the researcher.
d. when a researcher’s biases affect her coding of information.


a. when an researcher is aware that a respondent engaged in a wrongful behavior.

Criminal Justice

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The use of an organizational chart with dotted lines for data security management is not recommended

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Match each biological theory listed in Column 1 with its description in Column 2

1. Positivism a. Biological theories that explain criminality by reference to offenders' body types, inheritance, genetics, or external observable physical characteristics. 2. Criminaloids b. A body type originally described as soft and round and overweight. 3. Constitutional theories c. The study of the shape of the head to determine anatomical correlations of human behavior. 4. Masculinity hypothesis d. An individual who is born with a genetic predilection toward criminality. 5. Phrenology e. A scientific approach to the study of crime and its causation. Early approach was built on evolutionary principles and saw criminals as throwbacks to earlier evolutionary epochs. 6. Criminal anthropology f. A term used by Lombroso to suggest that criminals are physiological throwbacks to early stages of evolution. 7. Atavism g. A term used by Cesare Lombroso to describe occasional criminals who were pulled into criminality by environmental influences. 8. Endomorph h. The scientific study of the relationship between human physical characteristics and criminality. 9. Born criminal i. The belief that criminal women exhibit masculine features and mannerisms.

Criminal Justice

Federal agents maintain 911 emergency services and are asked to handle vague "disturbance" calls.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Criminal Justice

________ people tend to be fearful of attending court, yet their outstanding warrants limit their reintegration into society, deterring them from using social services and impeding their access to employment

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice