A nurse is conducting education for patients on drug and food combinations that can increase medication toxicity
The nurse would be correct to teach that which of the following drug and food combinations can cause toxicity? (Select all that apply.)
a. Lovastatin (Mevacor) and orange juice
b. Theophylline (Theo-Dur) and caffeine
c. Spironolactone (Aldactone) and salt substitutes
d. Maalox and grapefruit juice
e. Midazolam (Versed) and grapefruit juice
ANS: B, C, E
The combination of theophylline and caffeine cause excitation when given concurrently; the combination of spironolactone and salt substitutes can cause very high potassium levels, which can affect the heart; grapefruit juice intensifies the effects of midazolam, resulting in increased sedation.
Lovastatin and grapefruit juice have interactions that result in increased blood levels of Mevacor; however, lovastatin and orange juice do not have this interaction. Maalox and grapefruit juice are not contraindicated and do not result in a drug and food interaction.
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