How are ISO 9000 and QS 9000 related?
What will be an ideal response?
Among motor vehicle manufacturers, though each purchaser developed their own requirements, strong similarities existed in quality system and documentation requirements. Redundant requirements and multiple plant visits from purchasers placed a significant burden on suppliers. Conforming to several different, yet very similar, sets of requirements meant unnecessarily expended time, effort, and money. Recognizing the overlap in requirements, the major automotive manufacturers—General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler—as well as truck manufacturers, created a task force in the early 1990s to develop a quality system that has as its foundation ISO 9000 . Named "Quality System Requirements QS 9000," this comprehensive requirement was intended to develop fundamental quality systems that provide for continuous improvement. QS 9000 eliminates redundant requirements while maintaining customer-specific, division-specific, and commodity-specific requirements. QS 9000 emphasizes defect prevention as well as the reduction of variation and waste. Internal and external suppliers of production and service parts, subassemblies, materials, components, or other items to the major motor vehicle manufacturers must conform to the requirements set forth by QS 9000.
QS 9000 has two major components: ISO 9001 and Customer Specific Requirements. Automotive Suppliers must be ISO 9001 certified. Customer specific requirements include the use of methods for Statistical Process Control (SPC), Production Part Approval Process (PPAP), Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA), Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control Planning (APQP), and Quality System Assessment
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The refrigerant in a condenser in a refrigeration system ____.
A. absorbs heat B. rejects heat C. changes to a vapor D. is under lower pressure than the evaporator
An existing process involving polymers that reduce friction loss in engines is described in Problem 11.37. Assume it is possible to do an augmentation and upgrade to the existing process machinery that will provide a 2-year extension to its useful life. Call this Process M. The upgrade will cost $50,000 now, have an increased operating cost of $9,000 per month, and no salvage value after the 2-year extension. Using the same criteria mentioned in Problem 11.37(b), that is, effective i = 1% per month and a 2-year study period, is it economically advantageous to upgrade (option M) or to purchase the equipment for Process K or L? Use a spreadsheet.ing polymers that reduce friction loss in engines is described in Problem 11.37. Assume it is possible to do an augmentation and
upgrade to the existing process machinery that will provide a 2-year extension to its useful life. Call this Process M. The upgrade will cost $50,000 now, have an increased operating cost of $9,000 per month, and no salvage value after the 2-year extension. Using the same criteria mentioned in Problem 11.37(b), that is, effective i = 1% per month and a 2-year study period, is it economically advantageous to upgrade (option M) or to purchase the equipment for Process K or L? In order to replace an old process for producing a polymer that reduces friction loss in engines, two current-technology machines have been identified. Process K will have a first cost of $160,000, an operating cost of $7000 per month, and a salvage value of $50,000 after 1 year and $40,000 after its maximum 2-year life. Process L will have a first cost of $210,000, an operating cost of $5000 per month, and salvage values of $100,000 after 1 year, $70,000 after 2 years, $45,000 after 3 years, and $26,000 after its maximum 4-year life. You have been asked to determine which process is better using a study period of (a) 1 year, (b) 2 years, and (c) 3 years. The company’s MARR is 12% per year compounded monthly.
Explain how a photovoltaic cell converts solar energy into voltage and current
What will be an ideal response?
Several different methods of leak detection are available including ______________
A) Visual inspection looking for refrigerant oil stains B) Dye C) Using a leak detector D) Any of the above