Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery?
A) Nightingale
B) Snow
C) Ehrlich
D) Lister
E) Semmelweis
D
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Sickle-cell anemia results from a beta-globin protein containing the amino acid valine in the place of the amino acid glutamic acid. This is an example of a ________ causing a disease.
A) microbiome B) gene pool C) multifactorial trait D) mutation
This short projection of the large intestine serves as reservoir for beneficial bacteria
a. gall bladder b. colon c. cecum d. cloaca e. appendix
Which of the following statements best describes how lateral flow assays demonstrate the presence of bacterial, fungal, and viral antigens?
A. During the assay, bacterial antigens present in a specimen are pretreated by coating them with colloidal gold prior to binding to an antibody. B. A positive test results from the binding of the conjugated antibody and antigen to a fixed antibody directed against the antigen in the capture zone. C. A positive test results from the precipitation of the antigen-antibody complex in the capture zone. D. Migration of labeled antigen to the capture zone produces a positive result.
Another step in PCR requires small single-stranded DNA primers to anneal to a target sequence on denatured DNA. Two primers are used. Ideally these primers will have similar melting temperatures. The melting temperature is defined as the temperature at which 50% of the DNA is in the single-stranded form. Which of the following primers will have the highest melting temperature?
A. G G G A A A T T T C C C B. A A A A G G C C T T T T C. G G G G A A A T T T C C C C D. A A A A G G G C C C T T T T