What factor was most essential in encouraging early modern Europeans to undertake voyages of discovery in exploration?
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary.
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Which of the following does NOT correctly describe events in Central and Eastern Europe during the interwar period?
a. Parliamentary governments were very successful in Eastern Europe. b. Czechoslovakia was the most advanced country in the region, and its democratic system was the most resilient. c. Austria suffered from massive economic dislocation due to the loss of its empire. d. Hungary experienced a brief Communist revolution in 1919, but by the 1930, was drifting toward an alliance with Germany because of its desire to regain its lost territories. e. Most states in the region developed either royal or military dictatorships.
How did the Capetian dynasty in particular engage in the centralization of authority?
What will be an ideal response?
What official role did the Catholic Church play in the persecution of Jews in medieval Europe?
a. It usually organized the persecution. b. It did not often participate but usually looked the other way when persecution took place. c. It assisted the authorities in helping to find out which Jews were responsible for any social disturbances. d. It advocated a separate Jewish state in Europe. e. It played no official role, as only the papal city of Rome left its Jews undisturbed.
Guilds, which came to dominate medieval European life, was
a. a band of knights without ties to a lord. b. an association of craft specialists from the same trade. c. an order of monks. d. a unit of currency in use throughout the Latin West. e. a measurement of distance.