Which of the following theories views criminality as a stigma attached by a societal reaction that is subject to shifting standards?

a. anomie
b. strain
c. labeling
d. differential association


c. labeling

Criminal Justice

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In minority-dominated neighborhoods, residents are more likely to find it appropriate to call the police

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Which of the following theorists introduced the ideas of integrative shaming and stigmatization effects of labeling in his piece, Crime, Shame and Reintegration (1989)?

a. Tannebaum b. Chambliss c. Braithwaite d. Scheff

Criminal Justice

Another term for determinate sentencing is ______.

a. presumptive guidelines b. voluntary sentencing c. no-fault guidelines d. fixed sentencing

Criminal Justice

Clothing worn by the victim before/during the assault may have ____________ evidence transferred from the suspect

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice