The differences in concentration of which pair of ions produces the resting membrane potential?
a. sodium and potassium
b. sodium and chloride
c. potassium and chloride
d. chloride and calcium
e. calcium and sodium
ANSWER: a
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Which mechanism(s) increase(s) genetic diversity?
a. crossing-over between chromosomes during meiosis only b. independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis only c. random DNA mutations only d. crossing-over between chromosomes and independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis only e. crossing-over between chromosomes, independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis, and random DNA mutations
Many signal transduction pathways utilize second messengers to ____
a. transport a signal through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane b. relay a signal from the outside of the cell to the inside c. relay a signal from the inside of a cell membrane to the outside of the cell d. decrease the message once the signal molecules have left the receptor e. relay the message from the inner surface of the plasma membrane throughout the cytoplasm
A primer comprised of ________ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition.
A. DNA B. helicase C. polymerase III D. RNA E. polymerase I
Due to ____, trophic level affects the pollutant concentration in an organism's tissues.
A. bioaccumulation B. biological magnification C. ecosystem degradation D. the ozone layer E. ground-level ozone