Define and distinguish conceptualization. Give an example.
What will be an ideal response?
Concepts such as substance-free housing require an explicit definition before they are used in research because we cannot be certain that all readers will share the same definition. It is even more important to define concepts that are somewhat abstract or unfamiliar. When we refer to concepts such as poverty, social control, or strain, we cannot be certain that others know exactly what we mean.
Clarifying the meaning of such concepts does not just benefit those unfamiliar with them; even experts often disagree about their meaning. We need not avoid using these concepts. We just have to specify clearly what we mean when we use them, and we must expect others to do the same.
Conceptualization is the process of specifying what we mean by a term. In deductive research, conceptualization helps to translate portions of an abstract theory into testable hypotheses involving specific variables. In inductive research, conceptualization is an important part of the process used to make sense of related observations.
A concept is a mental image that summarizes a set of similar observations, feelings, or ideas.
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The legality principle is a due process concept requiring that crimes be defined before punishments are imposed.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Which of the following is true of the current norms and standards with regard to capital punishments in the United States?
A. There are officially twelve states in America that have discontinued the use of capital punishment. B. Public support for executions tends to rise when the penalty is linked with certain crimes, such as the killing of law enforcement officers. C. The constitutionality of capital punishment is frequently questioned by most Supreme Court judges. D. A vast majority of the states in America have carried out executions in the recent past.
Compare the NCVS and the UCR. What are the differences? What is the "dark figure of crime?" How does one discover the dark figure of crime?
What will be an ideal response?
A supervisor inspires other workers to “be the best they can be.” This individual uses charisma and motivation skills to inspire workers to perform well. What type of leadership is this?
a. Transformational b. Integrative c. Transactive d. Distributive