Which of the following is a disadvantage of bottom-up planning?
A. It restricts initiative at lower levels of the organization.
B. It shows some insensitivity to local conditions, particularly when a company's top management team exhibits ethnocentric tendencies.
C. Subsidiary directors' hands-on perspective may allow them to recognize potentially innovative opportunities.
D. The people responsible for attaining the goals are formulating them.
E. There is no guarantee that the sum total of all the affiliates' goals will coincide with those of headquarters.
Answer: E
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