In their study of the effectiveness of messages advocating recycling, Smith and Petty found that:
a. positively framed messages produced the most attitude change
b. messages framed in an unexpected way were processed most carefully
c. messages framed in an unexpected way were processed the least
d. negatively framed messages were processed more carefully than positively framed messages
e. messages presented by an attractive communicator produced most lasting attitude change
Ans: d
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