Taxes reduce total spending
a. directly by increasing government purchases by an equal amount.
b. directly by substituting investment spending.
c. indirectly by reducing government spending.
d. indirectly by reducing disposable income.
d
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Investment banks specialize in
(a) Managing borrowing and the deposits of its customers (b) Managing commercial papers (c) Facilitating the loan interactions between banks and merchants (d) Handling long-term securities such as stocks, bonds and other securities.
The index of leading economic indicators usually turns downward: a. prior to economic expansions
b. prior to economic contractions. c. prior to a contraction, but then turns upward before the contraction begins. d. a full 24 months before a recession begins.
During normal times, if the marginal propensity to consumer is 3/4, and the government borrows $10 billion in order to increase spending by that amount, real output will expand by
a. more than $40 billion, because both the additional borrowing and the additional spending will stimulate real output. b. $40 billion, because the net multiplier will be 4. c. less than $40 billion, because the additional borrowing will place upward pressure on real interest rates, weakening the impact of the multiplier. d. $10 billion, because during normal times, the government can borrow funds without any increase in interest rates.
A firm in a competitive industry faces the following short-run cost and revenue conditions: ATC = $16; AVC = $8; and MR = MC = $12. This firm should
A) expand production and keep price constant. B) decrease production and raise its price. C) shut down. D) continue to operate at the same price and output level in the short run.