Explain "sick-day management" for a patient with diabetes
"Sick-day management" refers to the measures a diabetic person should take on days they are feeling sick. Illness, infection, or injury can cause hormonal changes that raise blood glucose levels and increase the risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis or the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. During illness, individuals with diabetes should measure blood glucose and ketone levels several times daily. They should continue to use antidiabetic drugs, including insulin, as prescribed; adjustments in dosages may be necessary if they alter their diet or have persistent hyperglycemia. If appetite is poor, patients should select easy to-manage foods and beverages that provide the prescribed amount of carbohydrate at each meal. To prevent dehydration, especially if vomiting or diarrhea is present, patients should make sure they consume adequate amounts of liquids throughout the day.
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Which of the following statements is true of carbohydrates?
A. The monosaccharides glucose and galactose combine to form the disaccharide milk sugar. B. Plants store complex carbohydrates in the form of starch. C. Amino acids required for protein synthesis are obtained through carbohydrates in food. D. The most basic form of carbohydrates is polysaccharides. E. Simple and complex carbohydrates provide nine calories per gram.
Jim went for his annual medical check-up and was diagnosed with heartburn. Which of the following actions is most likely causing Jim's condition?
a. Inhibition of peristalsis b. Overactive cardiac sphincter activity c. Overactive pyloric sphincter activity d. Defective lower esophageal sphincter activity
Satiety can be defined as:
a. the desire to eat aroused by the sight or smell of food. b. unpleasant physical and psychological sensations that lead people to acquire and ingest food. c. a feeling of fullness or of having had enough to eat. d. the desire to eat aroused by thoughts of the taste and enjoyment of food.
Describe any on effect of caffeine on energy metabolism in the endurance athlete