Which of the following describes how the hygiene hypothesis is related to type I hypersensitivity reactions?
A) Up to 30 percent of people in undeveloped countries suffer from allergic rhinitis.
B) Food allergies have increased 3-fold in chronically poor families as compared to wealthy families in the United States.
C) Children living on a farm are 25 percent more likely to experience seasonal allergies than children living in a large city.
D) Between 1997 and 2011, the incidence of food allergies in the United States increased by 50 percent.
E) Wealthy individuals are 10 times more likely to experience anaphylactic shock as compared to someone raised in an orphanage during adolescences.
Answer: D
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A molecular biologist is interested in purify a recombinant protein by His-tagging, but the protein and vector both lack histidine residues. In this case, the molecular biologist could use which of the following technique(s) to achieve purification?
A. Amplify the histidine-encoding sequence by PCR and add it to the gene of interest. B. Add a 6xHis-tag to the C-terminus of the protein. C. Add a series of histidine residues to the N-terminus of the protein. D. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following best characterizes the process of clonal selection that occurs after exposure to a particular pathogen?
A. B cells show the ability to adapt the specific type of receptors they produce and so all B cells in the body undergo an alteration to respond to a particular infection. B. Only a small subset of B cells will have receptors that bind a particular pathogen and it is specifically these cells that are stimulated to multiply to fight the infection. C. Pathogens typically reproduce clonally and "clonal selection" refers to the process of selection among pathogen lines to determine which are successful during host infection. D. All of the statements are accurate characterizations of the process of clonal selection.
What effect will dissolving salt in a solution have?
a. The solution will become hypotonic. b. The salt will evaporate, leaving only liquid behind. c. The solution’s osmolarity will increase. d. The solution’s osmolarity will decrease.
Which of the following is an example of stimulus/response?
A. Conditioning dogs to salivate when a bell rings B. Imprinting ducks to follow a surrogate "mother" C. Learning not to pick up burning charcoal with your fingers because it is hot D. All of these are examples of responding to a stimulus