What is the leading scientific hypothesis explaining how the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells originated?
A. From the inward folding of the plasma membrane
B. From engulfing eukaryotic cells
C. From engulfing prokaryotic cells
D. From the spontaneous formation of phospholipids
Answer: A
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The presence of DNA is not one of the major characteristics of life. Why, then, might scientists look for the presence of DNA to help confirm the existence of life?
What will be an ideal response?
Mutations that result in resistance to specific antibiotics in bacterial organisms occur
A. only when the bacteria are exposed to the drug to which they become resistant. B. at any time, even when the bacteria are not exposed to the drug. C. more often when the bacteria are exposed to the drug. D. only when the bacteria are exposed to radiation or other mutagens.
Which of the following statement about biofilms is false?
A. Biofilms in your body protect mucous membranes from harmful microbes B. Biofilms on rocks provide food for animals C. Compared to free-living bacteria, biofilms are more sensitive to antibiotics D. Biofilms in pipes block the flow of water E. Biofilms on medical implants cause infections
What can you conclude from the fact that DNA analysis of all chloroplasts reveals that they are monophyletic?
A. Endosymbiosis of the same species of cyanobacteria occurred multiple times in cells that evolved into red, green, and brown algae. B. All eukaryotic cells engulfed cyanobacteria at some point in their evolutionary history. C. Aerobic bacteria were engulfed by eukaryotic cells, forming plant cells. D. Cyanobacteria reproduced by sexual reproduction after being engulfed by brown algae.