The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-year-old boy about the normal maturations of the child's organs during the preschool years and their effect on body functions
Which of the following statements accurately describe these changes? Select all answers that apply.
A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years.
B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age.
C) Heart rate increases and blood pressure decreases slightly during the preschool years; an innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation.
D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature.
E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschooler.
F) The urethra remains long in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to urinary tract infections than adults.
A, B, D, E
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Early pregnancy classes offered in the first and second trimesters cover:
a. The phases and stages of labor. b. Coping with common discomforts of pregnancy. c. Methods of pain relief. d. Predelivery and postdelivery care of a client having a cesarean delivery.
The nurse is obtaining a history from an older male client with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) experiencing urinary retention. Which question is the most important to include in the assessment?
1. "Do you take any medications?" 2. "Have you experienced pain with urination?" 3. "Are you experiencing erectile dysfunction?" 4. "Are you urinating more than 8 times in 24 hours?"
Metabolic changes throughout pregnancy that affect glucose and insulin in the mother and the fetus are complicated but important to understand. Nurses should know that
a. Insulin crosses the placenta to the fetus only in the first trimester, after which the fetus secretes its own. b. Women with insulin-dependent diabetes are prone to hyperglycemia during the first trimester, because they are consuming more sugar. c. During the second and third trimesters, pregnancy exerts a diabetogenic effect that ensures an abundant supply of glucose for the fetus. d. Maternal insulin requirements steadily decline during pregnancy.
An advanced practice nurse is pursuing professional certification. Who will the nurse need to contact to obtain certification?
a. American Nurses Association b. National League for Nursing c. State board of nursing d. Department of Health and Human Services