There are often very few observations per condition when studying complex cognition because
a. it is often necessary to test each participant individually in a time-consuming procedure.
b. there is very little variability among subjects in performance of these tasks.
c. the variability among subjects can be compensated for statistically.
d. statistical power is not affected by the number of observations obtained.
A
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If a researcher assigns participants to groups based on, for example, their gender, the researcher would be employing a. a manipulated independent variable
b. random assignment. c. a participant variable. d. a manipulated dependent variable.
A behaviourist would interpret drive-reduction theory as positing that all reinforcers are:
A) positive. B) negative. C) secondary. D) mediated by expectancies.
When the removal of an event increases the likelihood of a prior response, _______ has occurred
a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. positive punishment d. negative punishment
By about ____ months after conception, males and females show distinct external genital structures
a. two c. four b. three d. five