The clinical nurse assesses kidney function in a newborn. Which of the following statements accurately describes the development of normally functioning kidneys in the newborn? (Select all that apply.)
A. The glomerular filtration rate rapidly increases during the first 4 months of life.
B. The glomerular filtration rate is higher than that of the adult.
C. The kidneys are not mature and fully functional until after birth.
D. The nephrons are fully functional by 29 to 32 weeks of gestation.
E. Urine specific gravity in a neonate ranges from 1.002 to 1.010.
ANS: A, C, E
As the kidneys mature and enlarge, the glomerular filtration rate rapidly increases during the first 4 months of life. The nephrons are fully functional by 34 to 36 weeks of gestation. The glomerular filtration rate is lower than that of the adult.
Although the fetal kidneys contain working nephrons by 34 to 36 weeks of gestation, the kidneys are not mature and fully functional until after birth, when the newborn becomes responsible for the elimination of waste products. Normal specific gravity in the neonate's urine ranges from 1.002 to 1.010.
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