Which social process theory notes that people acquire criminal skills and motivations from primary groups, such as family, friends, and peers?
A. strain theory
B. control theory
C. learning theory
D. labeling theory
D. labeling theory
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A(n) _________ prison is designed to prevent escapes and violence but in a less rigid atmosphere.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
During the period from 1930 through the 1950s, correctional thought reflected what was then referred to as the “_______________,” which centered on the use of rehabilitation and treatment of offenders. This model presumed that criminal behavior was caused by social, psychological, or biological deficiencies that were correctable through treatment interventions.
a. medical model b. conflict model c. consensus model d. retribution model
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Neighborhoods that have a large percentage of female-headed households have higher rates of theft and violent victimization. 2. Structural density refers to the percentage of units in structures of five or more units. 3. Areas that are crime-prone are known as murder spots. 4. A large portion of funding for victim compensation programs comes from criminals themselves.
Many crimes in the United States go unreported to the police. What aspect of the UCR is questionable due to this problem?
a. validity of the results b. the ability to track changes over time c. the usefulness of the report d. the honesty of the reporting police departments