In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court hold that the prosecutorial tactic of citing a defendant's refusal to testify as an indicator of the defendant's guilt effectively invalidates the defendant's Fifth Amendment right to remain silent?
a. Barker v. Wingo (1972)
b. Duncan v. Louisiana (1968)
c. Ballew v. Georgia (1978)
d. Adamson v. California (1947)
d
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After the domestic attacks of September 11, 2001, which of the following problems were identified in the federal bureaucracy?
a. Entrenched and cumbersome bureaucratic cultures and procedures b. Long-standing interagency rivalries c. Fragmentation of counter-terrorist operations d. All of these
Explain the concept of “black box” evaluation. What is the value of opening the black box?
What will be an ideal response?
Police officers must establish ____________________ to obtain a warrant.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The total variation is calculated in much the same way as the:
a. mean b. mode c. chi square d. standard deviation