A nurse attends a seminar on nursing theories for caring. Which information from the nurse indicates a correct understanding of these theories?
a. Benner identifies caring as highly connected involving patient and nurse.
b. Swanson develops four caring processes to convey caring in nursing.
c. Watson's transcultural caring views inclusion of culture as caring.
d. Leininger's theory places care before cure and is transformative.
ANS: A
Benner believes caring is highly connected involving each nurse-patient encounter. Swanson developed five caring processes, not four. Watson's theory places care before cure and is transformative, whereas Leininger's transcultural caring views inclusion of culture as caring.
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