What was the main difference between houses of refuge and reformatories?
What will be an ideal response?
The new Reformatories were essentially a continuation of the house of refuge.
• In houses of refuge:
(i) discipline was severe when the rules were disobeyed
(ii) treatment of the youths paralleled the routine nature of the facility's physical plant
(iii) the youths were dressed in institutional clothing and given identical haircuts
(iv) troublemakers were punished; placing offenders on a diet of bread and water or depriving them of meals altogether
(v) milder forms of discipline were coupled with solitary confinement if a severe punishment was deemed necessary
(vi) corporal punishment was used alone or in combination with other corrections
(vii) the worst offenders were shipped off to sea
In the nineteenth century Hutchins Hapgood the New York House of Refuge as a "school for crime."
• Reformatories, also called training schools or industrial schools, were:
(i) developed in the mid-nineteenth century
(ii) stressed a longer period of schooling compared to houses of refuge
(iii) more exploitative, as manufacturers often inflicted cruelty and violence on juveniles during working hours
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Karl Landsteiner and Louis Lattes are associated with the area of blood typing
a. True b. False
The transfer of heat energy by the movement of molecules within a liquid or gas is:
a. Radiation. b. Oxidation. c. Convection. d. Conduction.
According to your text, which validation method provides the strongest evidence of measurement validity? Define this type of validation method. Then, using the example of a study that measures self-reports of committing theft, what are some challenges to obtaining this type of validity?
What will be an ideal response?
Due to both technological and educational advances, the bureaucratic style is no longer the prevailing model of prison management
Indicate whether the statement is true or false