Twelve-year-old Nathaniel was having trouble solving the word problems in his math homework. However, when his dad helped him by reading the problems aloud and emphasizing the important information, Nathaniel could solve all the problems correctly. Which of the following concepts is being illustrated in this scenario?
A. Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development
B. Baumrind's concept of the authoritarian parenting style
C. Erikson's concept of industry versus inferiority
D. Piaget's concept of conservation
Answer: A
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In Vygotsky's theory, cultures provide __________ to assist children's learning, such as the counting system, the abacus, and the calculator.
A. devices B. learning routines C. tools D. cultural standards
Primary mental abilities ____, whereas secondary mental abilities ____
a. develop rapidly; develop slowly b. are directly measurable; are not directly measurable c. are seen in childhood; are seen in adulthood d. increase over time; decrease over time
One example of the confirmation bias is the types of information remembered about ingroup and outgroup members. Which of the following statements best describes this relationship?
a. We are less likely to remember positive acts conducted by members of our ingroup and more likely to remember positive acts performed by those in the outgroup. b. We are equally likely to remember positive and negative acts regardless of ingroup- outgroup status. c. We are more likely to remember negative acts conducted by members of our ingroup and positive acts performed by those in the outgroup. d. We are more likely to remember positive acts conducted by members of our ingroup and more likely to remember negative acts performed by those in the outgroup.
Preschoolers in Japan are asked to ______ to promote collectivist thinking and letting children know they are a member of a group
a. not use their names in school. b. wear identical hats c. wear uniforms and carry identical school supplies. d. dress distinctly from each other.