Why can you argue that single-case designs are both strong and weak in external validity?
What will be an ideal response?
Case studies are strong in external validity because they involve studying people in natural settings, not in an artificial situation like a laboratory. Thus, from the point of view of mundane reality, case studies are strong. On the other hand, they are weak in external validity from the standpoint of generalizability. It is not clear whether the results from a study of a single person will generalize to other people in other situations.
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Criminal laws that are retroactively applied to those who engaged in activities when they were not yet illegal are called
a. backdoor laws. b. fascist laws. c. civil subpoenas. d. bill of attainder. e. ex post facto laws.
What pattern did the Democrats and Whigs set for the future of political parties?
A. The only way to attract enough supporters to win elections is by providing them with material benefits. B. Every successful American party has cared more about winning elections than about furthering a consistent set of principles. C. Presidential elections, with the control of patronage, are a higher priority than congressional elections. D. Every successful American succeeds by furthering a consistent set of principles rather than caring about winning elections.
When ?political parties offer voters a clear choice through a distinct range of policies and programs they are acting as
A) ?nonpartisan parties. B) ?Reagan Democrats. C) ?responsible parties. D) responsible incumbents. E) ?lame ducks.
What two characteristics typify hidden populations?
What will be an ideal response?