What are the two elements that a plaintiff in a Section 1983 lawsuit must prove? Discuss them and explain what is necessary to prove each one. Provide examples
What will be an ideal response?
The two elements that a plaintiff in a Section 1983 lawsuit must prove are: (1) the
defendant was acting under color of law and (2) there was a violation of a right
given by the Constitution or by federal law. Acting under color of law means that
the officer was using power possessed by virtue of law. Violation of a right given by
the Constitution means when an officer violates the Fourteenth Amendment due
process clause. For example, when a uniformed officer seriously wounds a suspect
by beating him while the suspect was handcuffed, he is doing both.
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Compare and contrast the three major legal systems in the modern world
What will be an ideal response?
What is perceived to be a desired ethical value and is seen as an end-goal developed by methodological rigor?
a. objectivity b. truth c. competence d. cost
If a researcher is comparing individuals who had and had not ever committed armed assault, an indicator for having ever committed armed assault would be what kind of variable?
a. continuous b. qualitative c. ratio d. binary
What is the best defense against allegations of bias-based policing?
a. collect data b. community policing c. in-service trainings d. adopt an Oath of Honor