The period following an action potential during which a membrane cannot experience another action potential
a. is the absolute refractory period
b. occurs during the time after the Na+ gates have opened until they are restored to their "closed but capable of opening" state
c. prevents the action potential from spreading back over the part of the membrane where the impulse has just passed
d. includes the time when Na+ gates are in a "closed and not capable of opening" state
e. includes all of the above
E
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