Define problem-centered coping and emotion-centered coping. How do school-age children use these strategies?
What will be an ideal response?
Rapid gains in emotional self-regulation occur in middle childhood. As children engage in social comparison and care more about peer approval, they must learn to manage negative emotion that threatens their self-esteem. Two general strategies for managing emotion are problem-centered coping and emotion-centered coping. In problem-centered coping, children appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty, and decide what to do about it. If problem solving does not work, they engage in emotion-centered coping, which is internal, private, and aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about an outcome. For example, when faced with an anxiety-provoking test or an angry friend, older school-age children view problem solving and seeking social support as the best strategies. But when outcomes are beyond their control—for example, after receiving a bad grade—they opt for distraction or try to redefine the situation: "Things could be worse. There'll be another test." School-age children's improved ability to appraise situations and reflect on thoughts and feelings means that, compared with preschoolers, they more often use these internal strategies to manage emotion. By age 10, most children shift adaptively between the two strategies.
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A. takes a sleeping pill before bed B. drinks too much caffeine prior to sleeping C. did not sleep much last night D. slept more than eight hours last night
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c. parallel to the midline, dividing the brain from side to side. d. parallel to the ground, dividing the brain from top to bottom.
What does the research say about the effectiveness of abstinence-only education?
a. Students in abstinence-only programs delay sex longer than those not in such programs. b. Students in abstinence-only programs are more likely to use condoms than those not in such programs when they do become sexually active. c. Students in abstinence-only programs have lower rates of STIs than those not in such programs. d. Students in abstinence-only programs have the same rates of sexual activity and STIs as those not in such programs.
Professor Swanson is studying the meaning of "goodness" using a survey of public attitudes toward the topic. Which school, or schools, of symbolic interaction is she most likely using in her research?
A) the Chicago school B) the Indiana and Iowa schools C) the Swanson school D) the sociological social psychology school