Which scenario is a quasi-intentional tort rather than an intentional tort?
1. The nurse physically restrains a patient so that intravenous access can be obtained.
2. A visitor refuses to leave the patient's room after upsetting the patient and being asked to leave.
3. The nurse searches the patient's luggage and bedside table for cigarettes.
4. The physician accuses the nurse of incompetence in front of the patient's family.
4
Rationale: The only quasi-intentional torts are invasion of privacy and defamation. In these options, the physician's accusation of incompetence is grounds for a claim of defamation. Intentional torts include assault, battery (the nurse physically restraining the patient), false imprisonment, conversion of property (the nurse searching the patient's belongings for cigarettes without permission), trespass to land (the visitor refusing to leave after being asked), and intentional infliction of emotional distress.
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