The speed of light in a vacuum is
A)
299,792,458 m/s.
B)
the basis for the meter.
C)
a defined value instead of a measured value.
D)
none of the above
E)
all of the above
E
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Derive an expression for the geometric shape factor F1–2 for a rectangular surface A1, 1 by 20 m placed parallel to and centered 5 m above a 20-m-square surface A2.
GIVEN
• Rectangular surface A1 and square surface A2
• A1 is parallel to and centered 5 m above A2
• Dimensions of A1 = 1 m × 20 m
• A2 is 20 m square
FIND
• The shape factor F12
SKETCH
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An aniline-alcohol solution is flowing at a velocity of 3 m/s through a long, 2.5 cm-ID thin-wall tube. Steam is condensing at atmospheric pressure, on the outer surface of the tube, and the tube-wall temperature is 100°C. The tube is clean, and there is no thermal resistance due to a scale deposit on the inner surface. Using the physical properties tabulated below, estimate the heat transfer coefficient between the fluid and the pipe using and compare the results. Assume that the bulk temperature of the aniline solution is 20°C and neglect entrance effects.
GIVEN
• An aniline-alcohol solution flowing through a thin-walled tube
• Tube is clean with no scaling on inner surface
• Velocity (V) =3 m/s
• Inside diameter of tube (D) = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m
• Tube wall surface temperature (Ts) = 100°C
• Solution has the properties listed above
• Solution bulk temperature (Tb)= 20°C FIND
• The heat transfer coefficient ( ch ) using: (a) Equation (7.61) (b) Equation (7.66)
ASSUMPTIONS
• Steady state
• Entrance effects are negligible
• Thermal resistance of the tube is negligible
• Tube wall temperature is constant and uniform
• Fully developed flow
SKETCH
PROPERTIES AND CONSTANTS
The density of water ? 1000 kg/m3
The charge on the square plates of a parallel-plate capacitor is Q
The potential across the plates is maintained with constant voltage by a battery as they are pulled apart to twice their original separation, which is small compared to the dimensions of the plates. The amount of charge on the plates is now equal to A) 4Q. B) 2Q. C) Q. D) Q/2. E) Q/4.