Which of the following are physiological measures? (Select all that apply.)
a. A subject's report of episodes of tachycardia per day
b. Score on the Mini Mental Status Exam
c. Pulse rate as displayed on an ICU's monitor
d. Serum sodium
e. Use of a tuning fork to measure bone conduction hearing loss
ANS: A, C, D, E
Physiological measures include two categories, biophysical and biochemical measures. For example, biophysical measures might include the use of the stethoscope and sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure and a biochemical measure might include the laboratory value for total cholesterol. Self-report has been used effectively to obtain physiological information and may be particularly useful when the subjects are not in closely monitored settings such as hospitals, clinics, or research facilities. For some variables, self-report may be the only means of obtaining the information. Such may be the case when study participants experience a physiological phenomenon that cannot be observed or measured by others.
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